Objective: To Evaluate pregnancy rate in SYNCHronized dairy herd by SELECTSYNCH procedure and PG.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Three hundred and seventy four dairy cows were randomly allocated to three groups: SELECTSYNCH, SYNCHronized with PG and spontaneous heat.Procedure: All cows were cleaned at day 30 after parturition and allocated to the following groups: SYNCHronization by SELECT SYNCH-insemination (n=139), SYNCHronization by PG-insemination (n=125) and natural heat-insemination (n=110). Pregnancy was diagnosed at days 42-50 after insemination.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test.Results: For these methods pregnancy rate were54 percent, 44.8 percent and 46.4 percent, respectively. Moreover there were not any significant difference among them.Clinical implications: Since SELECTSYNCH made an acceptable pregnancy, it can be recommended for dairy herds.

Fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) is nowadays a very popular reproductive technology to handle anestrous problems during the postpartum period of dairy cattle. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the suitable fixed timed AI protocols for therapeutic management of post-partum anestrous in cows. A total of ninety cows were SELECTed in and around the Aizawl district of Mizoram, India which lies within the tropics between latitude 21˚,56'N to 24˚,31'N and longitude 92˚,16'E to 93˚,26'E. The experimental cows were examined per rectum to study the ovarian and genital status after two months of calving. They were randomly divided into three groups,A, B and C, comprising 30 animals in each group and were treated by three fixed timed AI protocols,G6G (PGF day-0,GnRH 2, 8 days,PGF 15, 16 days, GnRH 17 days,FTAI 18 days), SELECT-SYNCH and co-SYNCH, respectively. Blood samples were collected to study the serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, estrogen and progesterone on day 0 (before starting the protocol) and day 1 (day before AI). The serum level of glucose, total cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, estrogen and progesterone significantly low in post-partum anestrous cows on day 0. But after post therapy, the level of glucose, total cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, estrogen increased significantly except progesterone hormone on day before AI within each group. The conception rates of G6G, co-SYNCH and SELECT-SYNCH protocols were 33. 33%, 56. 66% and 96. 66%, respectively. In conclusion, the SELECT-SYNCH protocol was found to be the best in comparison to G6G and co-SYNCH protocols (P<0. 05) for therapeutic management of post-partum anoestrous in cows.

OBJECTIVES: This study was evaluated the pregnancy rates of fixed time artificial insemination after SYNCHronization of follicular wave OvSYNCH+ CIDR and Co-SYNCH + CIDR protocols compared with artificial insemination after estrus detection in SELECT SYNCH protocol.METHODS: In this study, 42 cyclic buffaloes, uncertain stage of the estrous cycle, were randomly assigned into 3 groups. 1) OvSYNCH + CIDR (n = 14), administration of GnRH at days 0 and 9, PGF2α at day 7 and insertion CIDR from days 0 to 7. Buffaloes of this group were inseminated 16 h after the second GnRH administration. 2) Co-SYNCH + CIDR (n = 14), insertion the CIDR and administration of GnRH at day 0, administration the PGF2a at day 7 with remove the CIDR, and day 9 with second administration of GnRH, artificial insemination was performed.3) SELECT SYNCH + CIDR (n = 14), hormone treatments of this group were similar to two other groups. But, there was not the second injection of GnRH and artificial insemination was performed after estrus detection during 3 days.RESULTS: The pregnancy rates of OvSYNCH + CIDR (28.57±12.53%), Co-SYNCH+ CIDR (50±13.87%) and SELECT SYNCH + CIDR (28.57±12.53%) had not significantly difference.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, it can be concluded that Co-SYNCH + CIDR protocol due to non-significantly higher pregnancy rate is more effective method, when compared with other protocols. and non-necessary to estrus detection as well as low labor.

Background: A significant increase in cesarean section in worldwide is known as one of the health system problems. The WHO has estimated that cesarean section in recent years has been 10% in all countries. Despite the increasing popularity of cesarean section, the literature lacks insights about factors affecting the SELECTion of this delivery method. In this vein, this study investigates the factors affecting the choice of cesareansection from the perspective of pregnant women. Methods: The sample of this descriptive and analytical study is 200 pregnant women SELECTed using simple random sampling method in Kosar Hospital in Qazvin Province, Iran. The survey questionnaire was used for data collection from March to September of 2017. In order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research, expert’ s opinion and Cronbach alpha coefficient have been used. The questionnaire included scales designed to measure effective factor. Statistical package for social science software (SPSS) version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were used to analyses the data. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare groups. Results: The results of prioritizing the items in terms of psychological factors showed that the statements “ I am afraid of the pain of normal labor” and “ I feel higher stress and anxiety with natural labor were the first priorities” . There was no significant difference between pregnant women who had previous experience and those who did not have a delivery experience. The results of the mean comparison test showed no significant difference between the attitudes of women with previous delivery experience and women who did not have a delivery experience. There were only differences between socio-cultural factors (P= 0. 004), factors related to delivery conditions (P= 0. 001), consequences of delivery (P= 0. 017) among pregnant women with different levels of training. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there is a difference between the attitudes of pregnant women and different levels of education, so pre-pregnancy training should be provided to pregnant women.

Today, ovulation SYNCHronization methods are widely used to improve fertility in dairy cows. In this regard, this research was conducted in one of the dairy herds in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. OvSYNCH-Heat-SYNCH Group: This group included 30 primiparous cows. One month after calving, provided the uterus was clean, the SYNCHronization program commenced. On the first and ninth days, they received GnRH, and on the seventh day, PGF2α intramuscularly. One week later, they received GnRH again; seven days after that, they received PGF2α, and 24 hours later, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate intramuscularly. Cows that showed estrus after the estradiol injection were inseminated using the AM/PM method, while those that did not show estrus 48 hours after the estradiol injection were artificially inseminated (Timed Artificial Insemination, TAI). Double-OvSYNCH Group: This group also included 30 primiparous cows. One month after calving, provided the uterus was clean, the SYNCHronization program began. On the first and ninth days, they received GnRH analogue; on day seven, PGF2α was administered intramuscularly. One week later, they received GnRH analogue again; seven days later, PGF2α was given, and 48 hours later, they received GnRH analogue intramuscularly. Forced insemination was performed 16 to 24 hours after the last GnRH injection. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted using ultrasound between days 30 to 35 and by rectal palpation between days 40 to 45 after artificial insemination. The results showed that the fertility rate was 43.3% (13 cows) in the OvSYNCH-Heat-SYNCH group and 60% (18 cows) in the Double-OvSYNCH group. In the statistical analysis, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). This study indicated that the new OvSYNCH-Heat-SYNCH method does not have a significant superiority over the Double-OvSYNCH method.

One of the most important variables that affect shape of flood hydrograph is the temporal distribution pattern of rainfall.Therefore, information about this pattrn to estimate flood could be one of the desireable aims for hydrologists. To reach this aim, storms for a period of 33 years from four recording raingages of RoodZard catchment with 875 km 2 area located in North-East of Khozeatan province were considered. Then 13overall storms which covered all 22 raingages around the catchment were SELECTed from the considered data to extract their temporal patterns as a base for generating general patterns for the studied catchment. Due to the mean of the cumulative percentage of rainfalls, temporal patterns were extracted with the same common base time as a result of this study. Then a unique generalized pattern was calculated from the extracted patterns for all the catchment to use for design rainfalls.

Objective: To reduce the cost of hormones used in HeatSYNCH protocol in dairy cows.Design: Experimental study.Animals: 144 Holstein cows, at 50 days postpartum.Cows randomly assigned into 3 groups: (1) 40 cows; 7.5µg luliberin, IM. (2) 45 cows; 15µg luliberin, IM. Seven days later in both groups, 150µg D-cloprostenol, IM 25 hours later Img Estradiol Benzoate was injected. Cows observed for 48 hours and inseminated based on standing heat. Cows that did not display estrus were inseminated at 48 hours after estradiol injection. (3) Control: group in=59, did not received any treatment and were inseminated 12 hours after displaying estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 42 after AI via rectal palpation.Statistical analysis: Days open and pregnancy rate were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and chi square tests, respectively.Results: The number of days open did not differ among experimental groups (group one: 104.17±7.76 days, group two: 106.28±6.24 days and the third group: 111.86±2.33 days (P>0.05). Pregnancy rate to the first service was not different among groups (group one: 47.5%, 19/40, group two: 48.88%, 22/45, third group: 32.20%, 19/59) (P>0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, reducing the dose of GnRH analogue (Luliberin) to half of the full dose did not affect pregnancy rate and days open. Therefore the cost of HeatSYNCH program can be reduced by using half dose of Luliberin.